Application of drilling machine Oct 28, 2024 · Drilling machines play a pivotal role in the manufacturing industry, using rotary motion to create precise holes in a variety of materials. In construction, you can use hole drilling machines to drill holes in concrete, masonry and different other building materials. Key points include: - Drilling machines create holes in workpieces using a rotating drill bit. Most water-based machines use simple filtration, and some don't use any. Sep 13, 2024 · Whether you’re using a portable hand drill or a sophisticated CNC drilling machine, these tools offer precision, efficiency, and adaptability across various applications. 00 in]. V. Applications. Mar 28, 2019 · Drill Machine. With the increased available data and rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, there have been numerous machine learning studies in different drilling applications, especially in the past two decades. The machines are widely used in all the types of mechanical machining. Drill Bit: A cutting tool used to create holes in a workpiece. Drills are used in wide range of applications in metalworking, constructions and woodworking industries. Drilling machine applications Drilling machines are used in various projects They have: Mining: To extract minerals from the earth (such as gold, copper, coal) Drilling oil and gas wells: To discover underground oil and gas resources; Construction of tunnels and underground roads: For transportation projects (metro, railway) Application. Mar 25, 2024 · Applications of EDM Hole Drilling. Removal of broken tools in workpieces. The contoured band saw is the most versatile of all types of sawing machines in the application. In addition to home improvement projects, it is also used for professional applications. This ensures consistent and quality results. A sensitive drilling machine, also known as a precision drill press or bench drill, is a specialized type of drill that is designed for precise, accurate drilling of small holes. It Nov 1, 2022 · The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has become inevitable in the petroleum industry. For firm holding, utilize fixture plates, clamps, or magnetic chucks. Multi Drilling machine. If there is an improper clamping between the drill and the workpiece, there will be a probability of breaking the drill bit. The gun drilling process differs from BTA drilling due to coolant entry and chip removal; gundrills introduce coolant internally through a small hole within the tool, and chips are removed by coolant through a groove outside the length of the tool. The milling machine is used for making various types of gears. This article provides a detailed overview of the different types of drilling machines available, explaining their unique features, advantages, and ideal applications. By selecting the right type of drilling machine, you can greatly enhance productivity and meet specific application needs, ensuring accuracy and optimal performance for each task. When purchasing an EDM machine for hole drilling, pay close attention to the on-machine water quality control systems. Also, drilling creates screw holes, fuel injector bodies, aircraft landing gears, heat exchange tubes, or just for aesthetics. Features of Pillar Drill Machine. Whether it's metal, wood, plastic, or composites, drilling machines are versatile and essential for producing components in countless applications. The build of the EDM machine can certainly impact performance. Nov 7, 2024 · Most drilling machines have a limited depth of drilling, which may not be sufficient for some applications. May 31, 2023 · Types of EDM Drilling Machines. These are the different types of Drilling machines. May 4, 2023 · The drilling machine, the drill press, is a cutting procedure that creates circular holes in solid materials such as metal, plastic, wood, rocks, etc. Industrial Applications. Drilling and tapping machines are also used in furniture, automobile bodies, boats, shoe lasts, brush handles, and golf-club The following points highlight the twelve main types of drilling machines widely used in industries. 10 Best Drill Machine Sep 28, 2018 · Drilling Machine Application It is used to make a hole in the fabric for button attaching and to make a reference mark for attaching different small components on the garments. Let’s explore some possible uses and applications of drilling machines in different industries: Feb 13, 2024 · Others are micro drill press and sensitive drilling machine. Sensitive Drilling Machine 3. 2. You will use a drilling machine in the pharmaceutical, medical, automotive, aerospace, electronics, mining, or agricultural industries. Holes up to 50mm in diameter can be made using an upright drilling machine. Surface mining; Counter boring; Countersinking; Underground mining; Tapping etc. Pillar drill machines have rigid structure and vibration free machining. Adjustable workpieces table is provided for stable & safe operation of drilling machine. As the drill bit rotates, it creates chips of material and is removed by the flutes or grooves on the drill bit’s surface, allowing the drill to continue progressing into the workpiece. whereas, in Today's article, we are going to discuss Radial Drilling Machine along with its Definition, Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications. The machine is extremely efficient and ensures drilling accuracy. They can be hand-held or small table-mounted. They have been used for centuries and were originally powered manually but now use electric motors. 2 million USD per Offshore – HP-UHT well. They feature standard elements, such as high-pressure coolant systems, computer controls, and full machine enclosures, but can also be customized to suit your specific high-volume production application. CNC drilling machines are versatile tools applied across various industries due to their precision and efficiency. Vertical Turret Type Drilling Machine 8. These drilling machines are most handy because they provide portability. Whether you’re looking for an auger for excavator for sale or simply need a powerful drilling solution, the auger attachment is essential for a variety of tasks in construction, agriculture, and landscaping. Feb 23, 2022 · A drilling machine is a type of machine in which the holes are being made on the workpiece by making use of a rotating tool called drill bit or the twist drill. e. Capacity: 1000 Feet. Aug 27, 2024 · Drilling machines are utilized across many industries, providing versatility and precision in a wide range of applications. May 4, 2023 · Drilling machines work by rotating the drill bit and applying downward pressure on the workpiece. Main Functions of a […] The gun drilling process is ideal for smaller hole diameters, up to 50 mm [2. Drilling machines are used for creating precise holes in metal, wood, and plastic, which is crucial for production lines. We will also shed light on its parts and applications across various industries. This is typically done to extract coal, minerals, or oil from the ground. In the construction sector, radial drilling machines are used for drilling holes in beams, columns, and other structural elements. The below mentioned products are also considered as the best drill machine for wall holes. Complicated parts having alignment problems could be drilled horizontally, vertically or even upside down. Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine: These machines are equipped with several spindles, allowing for the simultaneous drilling of multiple holes. Aug 21, 2023 · Some of the noteworthy applications of the Radial Drilling Machine are: Radial drilling machines are widely used in metalworking industries for drilling holes in various metal components. The are: 1. The program controls the speeds, feeds and Dec 15, 2021 · Summary. UNISIG brings powerful and intuitive deep hole drilling machine capability to our industry-leading customers worldwide. DRILLING MACHINE 2. Sep 25, 2020 · Hence, fabrication of the drill machine whose DC motor can be controlled using a PLC is discussed. These Milling Operations are performed on various milling machines. Mar 15, 2024 · A drilling machine definition is a well-designed component specialized to puncture cylindrical cavities in hard surfaces or materials like concrete and wood. Portable Drilling Machine: ( Types of Drilling Machines ) Jun 28, 2020 · Many types and sizes of drilling machines are used in manufacturing. With our experience and UNISIG standardized machines we can produce rifled barrels over 155 mm caliber and at lengths of over 30 ft. The drilling machine finds its application in drilling in any direction (x, y and z) and at any angle which makes it work in 360 degree. Floor Drilling Machines. This series covers drilling range from Ø2mm to Ø40 mm and lengths of parts up to 1500 mm. Drilling is an operation of making a circular hole by removing a volume of metal from the job by cutting tool called drill. The work may be fed in any direction on the table, and the direction of the feed is readily controlled and changed while cutting is in the process Ide­al Robot Mod­els for Drilling Applications. While drilling machine is indispensable equipment for machinery manufacturing and various repair factories. Published by ELSEVIER B. A pillar drill machine is a heavy-duty, high-powered tool. Drilling is basically a technology of creating holes. With buzzwords such as data analytics, ML, artificial intelligence (AI), and so forth, the curiosity of typical drilling practitioners and researchers is piqued. Gang Drilling Machine 6. Drilling machines are versatile tools used across various fields. This multipurpose tool, which is also known as the drill press, allows you to make perfect drillings on impenetrable surfaces seamlessly. It typically has a pointed tip and helical flutes to remove chips. The basic application of a drilling machine is to make holes of various shapes and sizes on any workpiece. In Construction Mar 6, 2024 · CNC drilling machines come in various configurations, each designed to meet specific needs and applications in the manufacturing industry. Our selec­tion of robots includes mod­els renowned for their drilling capabilities: Fanuc R‑ 2000 iC: Known for its ver­sa­til­i­ty and high pay­load capac­i­ty, mak­ing it ide­al for heavy-duty drilling tasks across var­i­ous materials. Additional Features That Enhance Drilling Machine Efficiency Drill Machine. Though a big size of historical data can be available, high-quality cleaned and DEEP HOLE DRILLING SYSTEMS ON-CENTER DEEP HOLE DRILLING MACHINES FOR LARGER HOLES AND LONGER WORKPIECES • High-power BTA machines can manage larger, longer workpieces, and the deepest holes • Skiving and burnishing machines fi nish bores in hydraulic cylinders with unmatched throughput • These machines maintain superior productivity and Drilling Machine is used to make circular holes on the components with the help of Drill bits. Multiple spindle drilling machine: with several spindles, perfect for drilling a large number of holes into a part and drilling same holes on identical workpieces. Some drilling applications include metallurgy, manufacturing, construction, woodworking, and masonry. Here are some different types of drilling machines with their construction, characteristics, and uses. We use the radial drilling machine to drill holes in heavy stuff that are hard to move. This series is our most popular series and has 100s of applications in dozens of industries. 3. Mostly, they are used to install Dec 29, 2023 · Step 5: Setting up the CNC Drilling Machine. They must have a high degree of reliability. For large caliber solutions we use UNISIG B-Series deep hole drilling machines for drilling and bore finishing and a R100 or R200 CNC rifling machine. Jun 28, 2020 · Many types and sizes of drilling machines are used in manufacturing. From machining operations in machine shops to construction and manufacturing, drilling machines play a crucial role in enhancing productivity. Drilling Machine: A machine tool used to hold and rotate the drill bit while applying the necessary feed force. Model Name/Number: PDTH-300. There is a great deal of interest in the oil and gas industry (OGI) in seeking ways to implement machine learning (ML) to provide valuable insights for increased profitability. 5. Automatic Drilling Machine and Few Others. Type Applications of Radial Drilling Machine: Here, the different Applications of radial drilling machines are as follows. Though holes can Dec 2, 2019 · The document provides an overview of drilling machines, including their history, definition, parts, operation, types, specifications, advantages, and applications. Aerospace Industry There are different types of CNC drilling machines that serve diverse drilling needs and applications, such as. They’re commonly used in situations where efficiency and speed are crucial. Nov 7, 2024 · It is suitable for manufacturing processes and high-volume drilling applications. The key application mode of AI technology in oilfield development is to refine the development plan based on historical data of oilfield production. In the automotive industry, CNC drilling machines are used to manufacture components such as engine blocks, suspension systems, and transmission parts. Their ability to drill holes in large workpieces, as well as their adaptability to drilling at different angles, makes them indispensable for tasks such as drilling holes for anchor bolts in construction projects. 1. Oct 5, 2022 · In general, the data used in machine learning studies of drilling applications can be categorized 52 into drilling data, log data, and other data (such as geology/geomechanics, drilling reports Jul 20, 2022 · Summary: Drill machines, also known as drill presses, are essential tools that help create holes in a variety of materials with both precision and efficiency. May 28, 2023 · A pillar drill machine is also known as an upright drilling machine. Mold and die production. Let’s discuss how these sectors benefit from this reliable technique. Jan 20, 2025 · Applications of CNC Drilling Machines. Understanding these specifications of drilling machines by application ensures you select the right machine to maximize efficiency and precision for your specific needs. Jun 5, 2024 · These are extra features you can achieve using a drilling machine. How is a drilling machine manufactured? Both hand drills and power-sourced drill machines include some basic parts, i. A drilling machine is a powerful tool used for drilling large-scale projects. Ensure that tool bits are properly mounted in the tool holder. According to the method used for drilling (coring, in-the-hole drilling, rotary) or the constraints encountered (during water drilling, geothermal, quarry), CONDAT knows how to meet specific drilling needs in the mineral industry or for water drilling thanks to its effective products: The drilling machine in mining is a versatile tool that can be used for a variety of purposes in mining operations. Drilling Rig Type: Land Based Drilling Rigs. Machining machining machining machining machining machining machining Oct 30, 2024 · Wood drilling machines are indispensable tools across various industries, offering precision and versatility in creating holes for numerous applications. Deep hole Drilling machine . Sensitive Drilling machine. These machines can work with different types of materials, including metal, plastics, and wood. 1 Introduction Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. 1 Applications of Drilling Machines Drilling machines are highly versatile and indispensable tools utilized across a broad spectrum of industries. Automotive Industry. Understanding the different types of drilling machines and their applications is key to selecting the right tool for the job, ensuring efficiency, precision, and safety in any drilling task. Machines are designed for 3 shift production mode and provide all the features for excellent output parameters like straightness, bore tolerance and surface finish. Used for drilling, core drilling, galvanizing, unrolling, facing, and boring. Jul 4, 2022 · High Accuracy: In the milling machine, the products machined are of high accuracy, especially in the case of the most advanced form of milling machine which is the CNC Machine. The following examples are typical applications, processes, and tolerances, and although they are not actual part drawings, these are indicative of what is possible on UNISIG deep hole drilling machines with proper machine configuration, tooling, and process knowledge. EDM is used to achieve things that conventional machining either can’t match in terms of quality or can’t achieve at all. 7. Radial Drilling machine. The piece to be drilled is held in a vice. The radial drilling machine is fully automatic. The system features continuous learning capabilities, enabling it to provide proactive drilling dysfunction mitigation while maximizing rate of penetration (ROP) and All DeHoff machines are built-to-order by Kays Engineering in our Marshall, Missouri facility. . Hole Diameter: 200-250 mm Jun 27, 2024 · Magnetic drill press: Equipped with a powerful electromagnetic base, magnetic drill presses are designed for drilling into metal surfaces, making them ideal for metalworking and fabrication applications. Advantages of the radial drilling machines: Powerful: suitable for large-sized workpieces; Wide range of potential applications: drilling, boring, reaming and thread cutting; Suitable for one-off production, batch production as well as production line integration; Extensive adjustment and upgrade capabilities to create a drilling centre May 2, 2024 · #1 Contour band saw . Portable drilling machines are versatile and compatible with materials such as wood, plastic, and metal. Its head can be adjusted to Oct 24, 2023 · Primary Applications of Electrical Discharge Machining in Industry. Drill is a machine tool used for drilling the holes in solid equipment like metal and wood with drill bit or driver bit. This limitation can be due to the length of the drill bit or the size of the machine. A number of drill machines are available in the market to perform various operations. In the last article, we had discussed the Drilling Machine, Surface Grinding Machine, Milling Machine, lathe machine, etc. It is a modern type of drilling machine used to make holes ranging from 20mm to 40mm in metal and wood. Feb 28, 2023 · A drilling machine is responsible for this operation, which utilizes a rotating drill bit that rotates at high speed with intense pressure. They are used in metalworking industries for drilling holes in metal sheets and plates, bars, etc. Portable Drilling Machine. - The main parts are the bed, pillar Jan 9, 2021 · This universal drilling machine is a combination of both hand drill machine and bench drill machine, which is designed to obtain the better result with reduced efforts and time too. Applications of Drilling Machine: The applications of Drilling Machine are as follows. Sep 27, 2019 · Upright drilling machines have a wide range of speeds. Drill machines are categorized as pillar drill machine, radial drill machine and drilling cum milling machine. Many industries opt for drill hole EDM for various industrial applications. Below is a list of the 10 best drilling machines for home use that are ideal for drilling holes in wood or walls. For example; oil and gas, construction drilling, quarrying, surface mining, underground mining, exploration drilling and dimension stone industry applications. Portable Drilling machine . Milling can be used for Jan 1, 2023 · Machine learning applications in improving the Drilling Performance can be easily quantified in terms of saving days, where one day of operational cost for the company is approximately 0. Drill EDM. 4. Multi-Spindle Drilling Machine 7. Securely place and clamp the workpiece on the machine. Boring Jun 27, 2020 · Drill Nomenclature — The most important type of drill is the twist drill. Drilling machines and tapping machines enable a basic process carried out in a machine shop. These machines use a rotating spindle to hold and advance the electrode toward the workpiece, providing a high level of accuracy and control. It can able to machine flat surface and irregular surfaces too. In drilling and completion engineering, AI is regarded as a transformative technology that can lower costs and significantly improve drilling efficiency (DE). This machine is used in many industries to install and remove pillars. Drilling machines of main types are described below: 1. Oct 17, 2024 · Trinkle Enterprise Co. The fundamental application of a drilling machine is to create holes of different shapes and size on any work piece. Types of Drilling Machines. Upright or Column Drilling Machine 5. Dec 1, 2022 · Drilling is critical in the development of oil and gas resources, which is usually the most expensive step in the upstream operations. This sort of Drill machine can be works easily anyplace in the workshop for boring gaps in workpieces in any position which can’t be bored in a standard Drilling machine. Nov 19, 2024 · What Are the Uses of Drilling Machines? Though drilling machines are used for a wide range of applications and industries, let’s highlight their most common uses: Construction. Common Uses of Drill Machines: Drilling holes: Perfect for working with metal, wood, concrete, and plastic. Simple drill press: A simple drill press, shown below, may be floor-mounted, or have a shorter main post and be mounted on a The seven basic types of machine tools—lathes, milling machines, drilling machines, grinders, saws, shapers, and planers—form the backbone of the manufacturing industry. Portable drilling machine (Hand drilling machine): generally small in size and contains a universal motor, used for drilling holes on the rocks or any rigid surface, suitable for any location. Aug 15, 2024 · Applications of Drilling Machines. Brand: PRL. The important nomenclature listed below and illustrated in the figure above. Feb 18, 2023 · In this article, we will discuss the different uses of drill machines. Drill: A drill is an end-cutting tool for producing holes. Tapping and spot facing Applications. Applications of Milling Machine: The applications of Milling Machine are as follows. The HSN code for drilling machines is 8459. CNC drilling machine: computer numerical control drilling machine can automatically change tooling with a turret or automatic tool changer. How does a Radial drilling machine work? Radial drilling machine. Mar 25, 2020 · A drilling machine (also known as a drilling machine) is an application for cutting holes in or out of metal, wood or other materials. While a few review papers summarize the Study of Machine Tools – Drilling Machine Page 1 2. Common Applications: Drilling holes in metal, wood, and plastics; Creating holes for screws and bolts; Boring holes for larger diameters; Price Range: $500 – $20,000 USD Lifespan: 5 – 15 years Jul 31, 2020 · To assist the drilling process, NOV’s M/D Totco division recently launched its KAIZEN intelligent drilling optimization application, which performs as an adaptive autodriller. Here’s how they are applied in different industries: In Manufacturing. , column, base, head of the drill, and spindle machine. Some of the applications of EDM are: Drilling small holes. Dec 1, 2021 · New drilling equipment, such as an automated drilling rig and an intelligent drill pipe, has greatly improved drilling quality and lowered costs (Holditch, 2013). Creating burr-free medical May 23, 2023 · A drilling machine (also known as a drilling machine) is an application for cutting holes in or out of metal, wood or other materials. Machines are engineered to handle a range of applications with confidence, supported by our high service and knowledge. Oct 24, 2022 · Drilling machines typically use an electric motor connected to a spindle to rotate a cylindrical cutting tool on its axis and drives the tool’s sharp end into a workpiece, often with considerable force, and hopefully with good accuracy in position and entry angle. It is generally used to produce slot or groove in work pieces. Nov 30, 2023 · Drilling machines, designed for creating holes in materials, employ a rotating drill bit that exerts a force on the workpiece to create a hole. As the chips are flushed out of the opening by the cutting fluid flow, a feature in the machine structure redirects the chips and fluid from the gundrilling operation, while containing it for a clean, mess-free gundrilling machine and surrounding area. Although it resembles a bench drill machine, it has a much stronger engine and a larger drilling capacity. Some of the most common applications include: Drilling Holes Into the Earth. It has one or more cutting edges, and flutes to allow fluids to enter and chips to be ejected. CNC drilling machines are frequently employed to shape plastic parts with intricate designs and varied applications. A drill is a rotary end-cutting tool with one or more cutting lips and usually one or more flutes for the passage of chips and the admission of cutting fluid. 6. Functional and Operational Requirements. They range in size from a simple bench mounted sensitive drill press to the large multiple-spindle machines able to drive many drills at the same time. This article will explore the top three industrial applications of modern drilling machines, highlighting their importance in construction, aerospace, and automotive sectors. The workpiece is held in place by a clamp or a vise, which keeps it stable during the drilling process. Understanding the types, parts, and operations of drilling machines helps in choosing the right equipment for your specific needs, ensuring optimized performance in your GVN Series Single Axis Gun Drilling. Its use spans from aerospace to consumer products. © 2023 The Authors. You'll find them in many industries, including manufacturing, construction, woodworking, and mining. The drill bit is mounted on a spindle, which is powered by an electric motor. Workpiece: The material or component being drilled. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on intelligent algorithms and their The uses and applications of the machine are exactly the same as the other drill machines do, but when it comes to the structure and the way of using it (basically mechanism) may be different. Advantages Automatic Drilling machine. Drilling machines and tapping machines are used in many applications, including heavy industries and engineering. CNC precision drilling offers the accuracy and consistency needed in plastic manufacturing processes, from consumer goods to industrial components. Applications Usage/Application: Water Well. 13-20-25mm pillar drill machine and 38-40mm pillar drill machine are used in different industries worldwide. Drills are used in wide variety of applications in metalworking, constructions and woodworking industries. In this all gear pillar drilling machines, the metal/material are placed vertically, which is related to the standing linear structure of the pillar Here are some different types of drilling machines with their construction, characteristics, and uses. There are many types of drill machines available in the market for performing various operations. Step 6: Programming the CNC Drilling Machine The chip box is a precision-machined component that maintains critical alignment between the drill guide bushing and spindle centerline. There is a risk of injury when using this machine, especially if the operator is not properly trained or if the machine is not used correctly. We offer rock drilling machines and other equipment for many different applications. , using drill bits of various diameters. Simple drill press: A simple drill press, shown below, may be floor-mounted, or have a shorter main post and be mounted on a A radial arm is a versatile drilling machine that can drill a variety of sizes. Understanding the different types of machines available allows users to select the right tool for their specific needs, enhancing productivity and ensuring quality results. Drill is a machine tool used for drilling the holes in solid materials like metal and wood with drill bit or driver bit. For stable and reliable results, the machine should also contain its own deionization system APPLICATIONS AND SAFETY 3. 8. , a leader in drilling machine technology, offers cutting-edge solutions that cater to a wide range of industries. An auger, also known as an auger attachment, is a versatile and efficient tool used to drill holes into the ground when attached to machinery like excavators or skid-steer loaders. Machines empower manufactures to succeed with Gundrill, BTA, and other tools. Today, drilling machines are widely used in various operations, including plane drilling, step drilling, core drilling, boring, counterboring, reaming, countersinking, spot facing, tapping, and trenching. Base plate having a heavy casing that support structure. Upright or Column Drilling Machine 4. , Ltd. As we know many machine tool applications (such as drilling machine application) require faster extension of the cylinder (say, faster extension of drill spindle). Keep them close to the drilling area and don’t overtighten them. Huge Application: The indexing head makes it suitable for so many applications as the exact rotation of the job is possible by the use of it. Each type of machine tool offers unique capabilities that enable the production of a wide range of components with precision and efficiency. It is called a “sensitive” drilling machine because it has a sensitive spindle that can be adjusted to very fine tolerances, allowing the user to control the depth Additionally, the insulated shockproof body eliminates the risk of getting an electric shock, making them safe to use. Epiroc is a one of the leading drill rig manufacturers in the world. Understanding the technical aspects, benefits, and applications of each type can help you select the most appropriate machine for your manufacturing requirements. Oct 7, 2018 · Data is one of the most important limiting factors of deep machine learning (ML) model in drilling applications. Mining drilling machines are used to drill holes into the earth. Portable Drilling Machine 2. Click on each image to enlarge. Their capacity to create precise holes in various materials makes them critical for numerous applications, from industrial manufacturing to construction and woodworking. Today, we'll delve deeply into drilling machines, their uses, upkeep, benefits, and drawbacks, among other things. Radial arm drilling machines find applications in industries like construction and metal fabrication. Floor drilling machines are larger, freestanding units designed for heavy-duty drilling tasks and larger workpieces. Drill EDM machines are designed for the EDM deep hole drilling process and are ideal for creating small, deep holes in conductive materials. These machines can also be used to drill several holes at the same time. (REGENERATIVE CYLINDER CIRCUIT FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS) (HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR QUICK-RETURN MOTION IN MACHINE TOOLS) 1. It was designed to produce a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal workpieces. ojzsjkv aaez xxrjv jmfpuhq lfzna vkg uipk nrdtd jpta qpela cwbd wiwfqc echjzm nwof ykaeja